Sunflower productivity in agrotechnological factors in the south conditions of Non-Chernozem zone
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7868/S3034519726010034Keywords:
sunflower, tillage, productivity, herbicides, plant density, basket diameterAbstract
Sunflower is the most widespread oilseed crop in Russia, which is used for the production of oil, a wide range of food products and technical processing. The southwestern regions of the Non-Chernozem region have unique soil and climatic conditions suitable for growing this crop. The research was carried out in 2023-2024 in the conditions of the Korablinsky district of the Ryazan region on chernozem leached medium loamy soil. The object of the study was the sunflower hybrid NK Neoma. Experimental scheme: spring pre-sowing treatment (factor A): 1) Lemken Ruby 6 disketing to a depth of 12-14 cm; 2) ADS-6 disketing, 10-12 cm; 3) cultivation, KPO Compactor-10, 12-14 cm; cultivation KS-12M, 10-12 cm. Application of herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, IBS, (factor B) in doses of 1.5; 2.0 l/ha. The most effective treatment options were using tools such as the KPO-10 compactor and the KS-12M cultivator, especially with an increased dosage of the herbicide (2.0 l/ha). These methods have significantly reduced the contamination of sunflower crops during the key phases of the growing season. The KPO-10 compactor ensured the most effective reduction of the number of weeds to a minimum level, especially with a herbicide rate of 2.0 l/ha — only 20.9 pcs/m2 during the flowering phase and 38.8 pcs/m2 before harvesting. The use of cultivation tools and an increase in the herbicide rate contributed to an increase in plant density, basket diameter, mass of 1,000 seeds and the number of seeds in the basket, ensuring maximum sunflower productivity. High results were obtained using the KPO-10 Compactor implement with cultivation at a depth of 12-14 cm, with a herbicide rate of 2.0 l/ha (average yield of 35.8 t/ha).
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