METABOLIC ACIDOSIS AND KETOACIDOSIS DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS IN COWS IN INDUSTRIAL FARMING

Abstract

 The world experience of dairy farming shows that fundamental achievements in breeding cows for high milk productivity have generated a whole range of economically significant problems of ensuring the health of highly productive animals. The increase in dairy productivity of animals was associated with a sharp violation of metabolic processes, high morbidity rates and, premature culling of particularly valuable cows. The genetic potential of dairy productivity of cows and its realization is largely determined not only by the energy saturation of feed. Currently, it is generally recognized that no feed sources can meet the high energy needs of high-yielding cows. The problem of providing the body of cows with energy is especially acute during the pre-harvest period and when reaching the peak of milk productivity. During these periods, the highest intensity in metabolic reactions is manifested, exceeding the physiological capabilities of animals. Moreover, the focus on the concentrate type of cow feeding, which is dominated by easily fermentable starch, gives rise to the problem of severe acidosis. The fact is that starch of grain concentrates causes a high rate of glycolysis with the formation of a large number of volatile fatty acids, among which the strongest lactic acid predominates. Intensive acidification of the rumen also occurs due to the feeding of cows with acidic preserved food, also containing a large amount of lactic acid. Currently, lactic acid is the most problematic energy substrate. Problematic products of energy metabolism are ketoacids. With a high accumulation of lactic acid (lactate) and ketoacids, they cause acidification of the whole organism.Excessive amount of it leads to acidification of the whole organism. The development of pathobiochemical processes such as metabolic acidosis and ketoacidosis is now the main cause of premature retirement of cows in industrial animal husbandry. Problems of reproduction are associated with the mass development of pathobiochemical processes. Currently, the average yield of calves per 100 cows rarely exceeds 70%. The above complex of problems requires a qualitatively different approach to the issues of ensuring the health, preservation and realization of the genetic potential of high dairy productivity of cows. The issues listed above indicate the urgency and necessity of conducting research on nutrition, stimulation of metabolism, correction of pathobiochemical processes.