STUDYING OF DON NATIVE GRAPES VARIETIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS IN ROSTOV REGION

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to analyze the 75-year period of growing grape varieties in the changing climate of the Rostov region. The object of the research is 7 native Don grape varieties - Varyushkin, Krasnostop Zolotovsky, Kumshatsky belyy, Plechistik, Pukhlyakovsky, Sibirkovy, Tsimlyansky chernyj, classic varieties - Riesling Rhenish and Cabernet Sauvignon - were taken as controls. The research was carried out on the Ya.I. Potapenko Don ampelographic collection (Novocherkassk, Russia), according to generally accepted methods in viticulture and National Standards. To compare the periods, the analysis of variance was used in the Statistica 13.3 package, the post-hoc analysis was carried out using Tukey's test. The data analysis is presented for three five-year observation periods: I - 1946-1950, II - 1981-1985, III - 2016-2020, the interval between periods was 30-35 years. The following indicators were studied: the fruiting coefficient, the average weight of the bunch, the date of full maturity of the berries, the mass concentration of sugars and titratable acids in the juice of the berries. The contrasting climatic conditions of the three studied periods had a significant effect on the date of full maturity of berries, fruiting rate, bunch weight, acidity of berry juice, but no significant effect on the sugar content of berries was found. All the studied varieties responded in the same way to changing climatic conditions. Don native varieties cultivated in the northern zone of industrial viticulture of the Russian Federation have shown a high adaptive potential to climate change and the ability to produce a high quality crop in contrasting climatic conditions.