THE SOWING METHOD ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF PLANTS AND SEED YIELD OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES

Abstract

The studies were carried out in field experiments on meadow chernozem-like soil of the experimental field of the FGBNU FNC VNII soybean in 2019-2021 with soybean varieties Sentyabrinka, Kruzhevnitsa, and Kitrossa of the Institute's breeding. The influence of wide-row (by 45 cm) and narrow-row (by 15 cm) sowing methods on the formation of reproductive organs during the growing season and the biological yield of seeds were studied. Accounting for the formation and abortion of flowers, ovaries of pods, pods and seeds in pods was carried out according to the method of E.F. Lopatkina (1977). It was found that the abortion of the reproductive organs was higher in all studied varieties when cultivated in a narrow-row sowing method. The highest abortion was found among the ovaries of pods when sowing in a row by 15 cm - in the variety Kruzhevnitsa it was 69.8%, in the varieties Sentyabrinka and Kitrossa it was less by 11.5 and 14.7%, respectively. The abortive of pod ovaries with a wide-row sowing method was significantly less in all soybean varieties: in the Sentyabrinka variety by 12.6%, in the Kitrossa variety by 9.3% and in the Kruzhevnitsa variety by 16.9% in comparison with the cultivation of ordinary way. A low abortivity of seeds in pods was revealed in the Sentyabrinka variety on average over 3 years, which had a positive effect on the biological yield. The advantage of the wide-row sowing method in terms of its influence on the number of pods per plant was noted to a greater extent in the Kitrossa variety compared to the Sentyabrinka and Kruzhevnitsa varieties. At the same time, 2.8 times more pods were formed in the Kitrossa variety compared to plants grown in crops in a narrow row way, and in the Sentyabrinka and Kruzhevnitsa varieties - 2.3 times. As a result, the Kitrossa variety had the highest yield increase with a wide-row sowing method compared to a narrow-row one - 1.09 t/ha. In absolute terms, the highest biological seed yield was obtained in the Sentyabrinka variety - 3.2 t/ha, which exceeded the yield of crops with row spacing of 15 cm by 0.79 t/ha. In the variety Kruzhevnitsa, the excess amounted to 0.76 t/ha. A close correlation dependence of seed yield on the number of formed pods per plant was revealed. Correlation coefficients varied from 0.56 to 0.95, at r_crit. = 0.57, depending on the variety and sowing method.