PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLE VARIETIES DEPENDS ON SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Abstract

Efficient soil management systems play an important role in improving orchard fertility. They contribute to the equal distribution of organic matter throughout the soil profile. This improves the effective and potential soil fertility. The observations and records have been carried out since 2015 in the fruit-bearing apple orchard of the Dzhalka village Gudermes district of the Chechen Republic, on the varieties Golden Delicious and Granny Smith grafted on M-9. The planting scheme is 3.5 ? 2.5 m, the crown shape is a growing effortlessly palmette. We studied the sod-humus system with the cereal grasses mixture sowing (smooth bromegrass, meadow fescue, Australian rye-grass, cocksfoot) and alfalfa, as well as the black fallow and green manure system with the phacelia and mustard sowing. The control is black steam. All options were tested against the background of an experiment to identify the effect of nitrogen fertilizers, which were applied in the spring at doses of N120 and N180. The control had no fertilizer. Three times repetition with 30 accounting trees in each were used. The conducted studies have shown that in intensive type apple orchards the most effective system is sod-humus or black fallow and green manure system.