SOIL TREATMENTS MINIMIZATION ON MALTSEV LANDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30850/vrsn/2022/3/65-70Keywords:
spring wheat, soil cultivation method, chemicals, productivity, economic efficiencyAbstract
The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of minimum tillage, including without the main tillage, when cultivating spring wheat on leached heavy loamy chernozems of the northwestern natural zone of the Trans-Urals. The studies were carried out at the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the FGBNU Urfa Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 2014 to 2021, in a stationary experiment, laid down in the 70s of the XX century under the guidance of T.S. Maltsev. For two rotations of grain-fallow crop rotation (fallow - three wheat), the technology, which includes a combined system of tillage in a fallow field and without main tillage in the third and fourth fields, did not yield to classical plowing in terms of wheat yield (2.57 versus 2.62 t/ha). At the same time, it provided an average cost reduction for crop rotation by 7.9% and the highest profitability in the experiment (100% versus 87% for plowing). Studies conducted against the background of fertilizers and means of protection revealed the depressing effect of high pesticide loads on agrocenosis when cultivating spring wheat on a chemical fallow, which led to a decrease in yield relative to plowing on an average crop rotation against the background of nitrogen fertilizers without fungicidal protection by 13.6%, against the background of fertilizers and fungicides - by 10%. On the variants of mechanical and combined (mechanics + chemistry) processing methods, the variation in yield levels relative to plowing was within the experimental error. Significant changes upward or downward have not been established. As a result, it can be concluded that in the conditions of the northwestern natural zone of the Trans-Urals on heavy loamy chernozems, highly profitable production of spring wheat grain is possible in grain-fallow crop rotations within the framework of intensive technologies, with various levels of tillage minimization up to without basic tillage.
