INFLUENCE OF LONG FERTILIZERS APPLICATION IN A WHEAT SOWINGS ON MEADOW CHERNOZEM-LIKE SOIL’S MICROFLORA

Abstract

The results of meadow chernozem-like soil a microbial complexes structure studying in dynamics according to the wheat development phases under the influence and after effect of fertilizers are presented. The studies were carried out in the soil of a long-term stationary field experiment under wheat sowings varieties Aryuna in 2014, 2016–2018. An increase in the total number of microorganisms relative to the control was revealed: by 75% with prolonged application of nitrogen fertilizers only, 40 – nitrogen-phosphorus, 43% – nitrogen-phosphorus in combine with manure. In the meadow chernozem-like soil under conditions of long-term systemic fertilizers application, bacteria using mineral sources of nitrogen predominated it indicates a high intensity of mineralization processes, which slightly decreased under the fertilizers influence. The peak of these processes during the application of fertilizers was detected in the steam-extention phase, and with aftereffect – in the phase of tillering of wheat. With the mineral nitrogen in a N30 dose application the greatest total positive effect was noted in the system with long-term use of nitrogen fertilizers only, while the greatest reaction was in ammonifying bacteria and actinomycetes. A close correlation has been established between the yield and the total number of microorganisms in the phase of tillering of wheat under the action of fertilizers.