INFLUENCE OF SALINITY TOLERANCE GENES ON SELECTIVELY VALUABLE TRAITS OF DURUM WHEAT LINES

Abstract

The studies were carried out at the Dagestan experimental station of All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR). The material for the study was hybrids from the first to fifth generations, as well as plants of backcross progeny on saline (Khoshmenzil) and normal (VIR) backgrounds. The work was carried out under irrigation conditions on the following soils: 1. Meadow chestnut, slightly saline medium and heavy loamy (central farmstead). The degree of salinity in the 0 - 50 cm layer is weak, in 50 - 75 cm – only occasionally average, ph level – 7.8 - 8.4. 2. Meadow-chestnut strongly saline medium-solonetzic medium loamy (site "Khoshmenzil"). The soils are highly saline throughout the profile. The type of salinity in the upper layer is chloride-sulfate, in the lower horizons – sulfate-chloride. Among the traits considered, the most variable were the number of grains and the weight of grain per ear. According to these features the lines selected from the combinations k-31542 x k-15061, k-16470 x k-15061 were distinguished. According to the coarse-grained on a saline background were distinguished hybrid lines k-46718 x k-40194, k-58732 x k-50092 x k-50092 and k-58732 x k-46718 x k-46718. Hybrid forms are a valuable starting material for breeding salt-tolerant high-yielding durum wheat varieties. In our view, the selection of salt-tolerant wheat varieties for specific growing should be based on identifying and studying the most effective alleles of the genes that determine this trait conditions in the future.