AGRO-ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF THE SOWN AGRO-PHYTOCOENOSIS PRODUCTIVITY IN TVER REGION CONDITIONS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of studying perennial fodder plants that are promising for introduction on the reclaimed lands of the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The studies were performed at VNIIMZ - a branch of the FRC V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute (Tver region). Studies have found that the introduction of new legumes, on the basis of which the animal feeding system is based, provides the maximum amount of nutrients per unit area, the use of innovative technologies for cultivating fodder crops, improving the quality of feed, and optimizing the concentration of energy and protein in them. An analysis of data on perennial herbs studied by the phases of vegetation showed that as the plants develop, both the dry matter and crude fiber content increase from the stem phase to the beginning of flowering by 5.37% and 7.69%, respectively, and the concentration energy decreases from 10.75 to 8.95 MJ per 1 kg of dry matter, or 16.74%. The best period for harvesting herbs for legumes is budding — the beginning of flowering, cereals — going into the tube — the beginning of heading. Early harvesting leads to a large shortfall in the yield of dry mass. An analysis of the digestibility of nutrients of the green mass of crops mowed during the budding-start of flowering phase showed that the organic substance is well digested (up to 70%) and assimilated. It has been established that excessive intake of protein and diaminocarboxylic amino acids in its feed, as well as anti-nutritional substances (antitrypsin) contained in leguminous plants, does not reduce appetite and does not cause poisoning of animals. Animals consumed an average of 2.6 kg of dry matter per 100 kg of live weight. In the daily diet, 1 feed unit was accounted for: with meadow clover 136 g, with eastern goatskin - 176 g, with legume-cereal mixture - 121 g of digestible protein. In clover, meadow fiber accounted for 22.77%, and fat - 2.95%, in eastern goatskin - 22.18% and 3.85%, in legume-cereal mixture - 26.46% and 2.58%, respectively.