REGENERATION OF APPLE VARIETIES IN VITRO CULTURE

Abstract

The process of clonal micropropagation is influenced by the genotypic characteristics of plants, the composition of nutrient media and the hormonal background at various stages of cultivation. The purpose of the research was to study the regenerative capacity of apple explants of promising varieties. The objects were colon-shaped, immune and scab-resistant apple varieties. The study was carried out in the laboratory of biotechnology of VNIISPK using generally accepted methods. The largest number of viable explants was obtained during the active growth phase, averaging from 72.1 to 88.5%. Maximum contamination was observed in explants introduced in April, regardless of the sterilizing agents. The highest infection rate was in the varieties Orlovskoe рolesie (up to 56.7%), Bolotovskoe (up to 51.4%), Poeziya (up to 43.3%). In the explants introduced in June, the infection was insignificant. Thus, the Imrus and Poeziya varieties showed a small degree of infection after using 0.1% mertiolate solution (1.2% and 2.4%), and the garland and Priokskoe varieties had a 100% yield of pure apexes. Among immune varieties, the highest necrosis was evident in the variety of Imrus (42,1%) and the smallest in the variety Kandil оrlovsky (5,1%) have the largest column-the variety Priokskoe (65.6 per cent) and Vostorg (65,6%). In most of the studied varieties, the greatest necrosis was observed after using 0.1% mertiolate solution. The study was carried out on the background medium QL and Fardzinova recommended for pears. Concentration of BAP 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l. Among the immune varieties, the content of BAP 2.0 mg / l in the QL medium caused the greatest proliferative activity in the varieties Kandil оrlovsky (3.4), Bolotovskoe (4.5) and Orlovskoe рolesie (2.9). Varieties of Imrus and a Veteran of the highest rate of multiplication were obtained in Fardzinova on medium containing BAP in both concentrations. In all varieties, the concentration of BAP 1.0 mg/l contributed to the formation of shoots more than 1 cm, i.e. suitable for rooting.