THE ROLE OF THE VARIETY IN THE REGIONALLY ADAPTIVE RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY OF POTATO CULTIVATION

Abstract

The article presents the results of a 4-year study of three potato varieties of different maturity groups on the 70th, 80th and 90th days of harvesting in Karelia. At the same time, the highest yield indicators were found in the early-maturing variety Pushkinets on the first date of harvesting, the middle-early variety Nevsky — on the second and third dates. The maximum yield of the medium-ripened Peterburgsky variety was at a later date. The reliable influence of potato growing conditions on the number, mass of tubers per plant, yield, marketability and starch content was determined. In contrast to the "variety" and "harvest time" factors, the participation rate of the "year" factor was maximum and varied from 0.37 to 0.74. The direct dependence of the starch content in tubers on the sum of the average daily air temperatures for the field season is established. The marketability, yield of potatoes and the amount of starch in tubers decreased with an increase in both the amount of precipitation for the season and the complex indicator of hydrothermal characteristics (HTC). The studied varieties had different adaptability to local conditions: the Pushkinets variety was characterized by high ecological plasticity, the Peterburgsky variety — low, and the Nevsky variety was classified as an intensive type of variety. When developing a resource-saving technology for potato cultivation in extreme conditions of Northern agriculture, it is advisable to use early-maturing and medium-early varieties with high adaptive capacity.