Pure and binary sowing time of alfalfa crops under irrigation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31857/vrsn/2017/5/55-58Keywords:
alfalfa, corn for silage, binary crops, field germination of seeds, productive shoots, shoot mass, yield, feed units, digestible proteinAbstract
The aim of the research was to establish the effectiveness of binary crops of alfalfa during the spring and sowing periods of sowing in the plain zone of Dagestan under irrigation. Field studies were carried out in the rotation link "winter wheat + stubble corn - alfalfa" in a two-factor experiment (2 x 2) with pure and binary crops of alfalfa with corn for silage in the spring and stubble periods. The experimental base was located in the Bikesha FKH of the Buinaksky district in the Tarumovsky district of the Republic of Dagestan. The meadow chestnut soil is heavy loamy, insufficiently provided with nitrogen and phosphorus, sufficiently potassium. The humus content in the arable layer is 2.3%, its density is 1.25 g / cm3, and the lowest moisture capacity is 31.2%. It has been experimentally proved that the greatest field germination of seeds of alfalfa is achieved with a spring planting period of -54.6-55.3%. In the stubble sowing, because of the rapid loss of moisture in the sowing layer in conditions of arid climate, it decreases by 2.8-2.9 times. The advantages of stubble crops of alfalfa include an increase in the number of productive shoots in comparison with the spring sowing period by 2.2-2.3 times and the possibility of obtaining one full-scale cut in the sowing year and five cuttings in the second year of life, against 4 cuttings in the spring sowing period . However, in this case, the mass of 10 alfalfa shoots on average in years and methods of cultivation from 5.3 g in spring sowing is reduced to 4.9 g. The yield of hay for two years of use in the spring sowing period is 43.2-40.6 t / ha , In the stubble - 24,6-23,8 t / ha. Binary crops with maize reduce the yield of alfalfa during spring planting by 6.5%, in stubble crops - by 4.9%. Maximum productivity is achieved in the rotation link "winter wheat + stubble corn for silage-spring binary planting of alfalfa with maize for green fodder - alfalfa". Units from 1 hectare received 40.2 t / ha in this link, 55,6 t / ha units of feed-protein units.
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