ASSESSMENT OF SOYBEAN SELECTION NUMBERS

Abstract

In modern world plant growing soybeans are among the most important protein-oil crops and continue to gain popularity among Russian farmers. The total area under soybean in season 17/18 increased to 2.64 million hectares (+ 18% against season 16/17), with an increase of 21% in the European part of Russia, and 1.64 million tons of oilseeds were harvested. To obtain a high yield with good seed quality, it is very important to create very early, highly productive, ecologically adapted varieties for specific soil and climatic conditions. In the conditions of the Institute of Seed Growing and Agrotechnology - the branch of the FBBUU FNAC VIM in 2013-2017. in breeding nurseries an analysis of the variability of quantitative soybean characteristics was carried out. It has been established that such a feature as the duration of the growing season is characterized by weak variability (6.1%). The average variable characteristics include the number of productive nodes on the plant, the mass of seeds from 1 plant and the mass of 1000 seeds. The widest range of variability (27.3-41.8%) is observed in terms of: plant height, number of branches and beans on the plant, seed yield. In our studies, the lowest coefficient of variation (Cv) was found in the George variety - 24.8%. Studies have shown that the yield of seed varieties of varieties over the years ranged from 0.79 to 3.04 t / ha. The evaluation of the soybean breeding material for productivity in different years of research in meteorological conditions showed that the most productive and stable, irrespective of weather conditions, are H 24/11 and H 2/14 varieties with a vegetation period of 102 days.