PARENT MATERIAL FOR WINTER WHEAT SELECTION

Abstract

The purpose of these studies was the study of winter wheat varieties of world collection of the Institute of Plant Industry on the complex of economically valuable signs of winter wheat, the selection of selection-valuable varieties for conditions of the Udmurt Republic. A significant fluctuation in the winter wheat productivity for years predetermines the adaptive orientation of selection in the region, the selection for increasing the resistance of genotypes to biotic and abiotic environment factors. The assessment of the level and stability of the varieties under study (indicator of level and stability of the variety) of the collection nursery was carried out according to the methodology of E.D. Nettevich. The study of 46 samples of winter wheat of the Institute of Plant Industry collection was carried out in 2014-2016. Soil of the experimental plot is well-cultivated sod-podzolic medium loamy, slightly acidic, with average humus content, a very high content of mobile phosphorus, high - exchangeable potassium. In the years of research, wintering of winter wheat was carried out in conditions of high soil temperature at the depth of tillering node (0 ... -4 °C), which led to the damping-out of culture and epiphytoty of snow mold. A higher average wintering (46%) and stability of winter hardiness (indicator of level and stability of the variety = 17) was noted in the standard Moskovskaya 39. The variety of winter wheat Bogdanka was the most productive and generated a yield of 325 g/m2 on average for 2014 and 2016. However, this variety was characterized by its considerable variability (V=130%). The yield of sorts Skagen (Germany) and FT Wonder (Canada) were 256 and 208 g/m2, respectively, which is at yield level of the Moskovskaya 39 (239 g/m2) , but these varieties were much more stable than the standard, the indicator of level and stability of the varieties was 3349-4237, for the standard – 754. Sources of economically valuable qualities of culture for the republic's conditions - stable yields, high grain size and grain content, resistance to powdery mildew, early maturity - were identified as a result of study of collection samples under unfavorable conditions of winter wheat dumping-out.