THE PRINCIPAL DIRECTIONS OF THE FEIJOA SELECTION

Abstract

The article presents the main breeding directions of Feijoa sellowiana in the Krasnodar Region. Controlled crosses to obtain new forms of feijoa with a set of economically valuable traits were conducted based on developed model cultivar. 15 combinations of crosses were carried out in the period 2015-2017. As a result of the analysis, three promising combinations were selected: 1. Superba x September, 2. Superba x Dagomysskaya, 3. Dagomysskaya x Dachnaya with the greatest number of hybrid fruits and seeds. It was noted that all varieties used as pollinators has fertile pollen, but the degree of its viability varies from year to year. Thus, in 2015 the average percentage of paternal pollen germination was 56, the highest percentage of pollen viability was observed in 2016 in average 68.3 (Superba and Dachnaya); 77,8 (September) and 88,9 (Dagomysskaya). It should be noted that this year was the most favorable for the entire period of research, which positively affected the results of hybridization. The greatest number of hybrid seeds 54-68% were received in the crossing combination Superba x September during the studied period. In spite of the differences between the crossing combinations, a general trend has been revealed, that the germination capacity of hybrid seeds is high enough in all combinations of crosses and it was 56 - 75%. The greatest number of hybrids selected by indirect cultural traits (thickness of shoots, short internodes, branching at a young age, size of leaf blade) were obtained in combination of Dagomysskaya and Dachnaya, which amounted to 13% in 2017, and 30% in 2016.