Adaptive and productive potential of the grapes genebank in the unstable conditions of the south Russia temperate continental climate
Keywords:
climate change, grapes, stress, plant resources, mobilizationAbstract
Global and local climate changes make it important to use genotypes of grapes with high stress resistance and the level of realization of the productive potential in the unstable conditions of the temperate continental climate of southern Russia. Studies of the gene pool of grapes were carried out in the Russian ampelographic collection in the agroecological conditions of the Krasnodar Territory. The resistance of varieties to abiotic stressors during the vegetative period is determined by the specific features of the genotype. In conditions of severe drought, the high ratio of bound and free forms of water in leaves was observed in the leaves of the most resistant varieties. The Riesling Rhineland variety was distinguished in the group C. Occidentalis N., Krasnostop anapsky variety was distinguished in the C. Pontika N. group, the variety Karaburnu was distinguished in the group C. Orientalis N., Granatovy variety was distinguished in the group of intraspecific hybrids V. vinifera, the sort Dostoiny stood out in group of varieties of interspecific origin. The high content of proline in the leaves is consistent with the relatively high ratio of the bound and free forms of water and the low level of free calcium in the leaves of the Riesling Rhine, Krasnostop Anapsky, Granatovy, Barkhatny, and Riesling AZOS varieties in the corresponding group. These varieties are actively adapted and less susceptible to abiotic stress. Varieties that differ in the low ratio of bound and free forms of water in the leaves, Pukhljakovski belyi, Kishmish belyi ovalnyi, Antaris are characterized by the lowest content of proline in the leaves. The stability of the grapes to the loss of water by the leaves is provided mainly by the proline. In resistant varieties proline and sucrose accumulate is accompanied by a low content of calcium, as a secondary messenger of plant stress reactions.
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