Measures to prevent the degradation of agricultural land in the Dagestan foothills
Keywords:
trend, soil formation, soil degradation, erosion, fertility, evolution, processing, fertilizerAbstract
The results of studies of soil-forming processes conducted in the foothills of Dagestan, which indicate that arable lands erosion is mainly due to the runoff of rainwater and stormwater and erosion control non-use of techniques of conservation farming. Croplands are weakly eroded, soil lost compared to the standard is 10-12 cm topsoil or 10-12 m3/ha. For 50 years the area of eroded soils increased by 19,1 thousand hectares. The content of humus in the topsoil declined by 1,5-2 %. Links between environmental conditions and development of soil processes. They indicate that the nature, intensity and direction of soil development processes in the foothills affected by many factors, which fall into five main groups: human activities; topography; climate; soils and parent rocks; the vegetation. However, the trends of soil processes and factors - the stump of their impact varies depending on specific location and nature of human intervention. In the mountainous terrain not only the climate, vegetation and soil are subject to the principle of vertical zonality, but human activities during centuries-long history, which leaves a certain impact on the wearer as would be zonal in nature. Under other equal conditions the magnitude of erosion in the Piedmont area is determined by the duration and nature of land used by man. A decisive influence on the destruction of the soil has a slope exposure, such dependency is particularly characteristic for the area of pasture erosion. For the effective use of land and prevention of rotation of the erosion, it is recommended to stop the cultivation of the soil for planting annual crops on the steeper slopes 8-10° and take them for planting perennial plants and herbs. According to the research results the analysis of the known causes of degradation of soil, the regularities of evolution, the direction of soil development processes on sloping lands in the Piedmont province, the theoretical basis for the reproduction of zonal types and subtypes of soils fertility, made up of events protection of soils from erosion and land degradation.
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