OPPORTUNITIES OF BOOSTING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE BROWN SWISS CATTLE BREED

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of the productive qualities of cows of the Brown Swiss cattle, depending on age and live weight of heifers at fruitful insemination. The developed method of determining age of puberty in heifers. Studied age dynamics of milk yield in mothers of bulls depending on the intensity of the first milking during the first lactation. Material for research served as purebred Brown Swiss animals of pedigree farms of Smolensk region. The processing included data on productive qualities of cows 494. The studies were performed according to standard techniques used in zootechnical science. In developing the method of determining the age at onset of puberty in heifers, used the author's version. The directed cultivation of repair heifers contributed to the production of 420 heifers average 4807 kg of milk fat content of 4.14% and 3,44% protein in live weight of 513 kg, and 44 cows milk yield exceeded 6000 kg of milk. The average age of fruitful insemination was 19 months old. of them under the age of 16 months. fertilized 53 goal., or 12.6%; 17-23 months. – 335 goal., or 79,8% and 32 goal., or 7.6% fertilization occurred at the age of two years and older. The proposed method of determining the age of puberty in heifers involves the allocation of a group of precocious animals, in which sexual maturity occurs at the age of nine months. First milking the cows in the first lactation contributes to the realization of the genetic potential of dairy efficiency. In the group of first milking cows for the first lactation of more than 6000 kg in six subsequent lactations milked on average, 6924 kg of milk, which is 1564 kg, or 29.1% in comparison with the group of cows with milk yield during first lactation of less than 3000 kg of milk.