SHELTER FOREST - THE BASIS OF THE ECOLOGICAL BODY OF AGROTERRITORIES

Abstract

The article considers the actual negative agroecological situation in the vast territories of the Russian Federation: the area of ??agricultural lands subjected to erosion and deflation is over 126 million hectares, the area of current gullies exceeds 900 hectares, the annual decline of humus on arable lands equals 0,62 t/ha. Anthropogenic desertification of the arid regions of the country is developing at a rapid pace. It is noted that one of the most important reasons for that is reducting area of ??forests. Under the circumstances, protective forestations on agroterritories are a powerful biological factor for regulating the biodiversity and productivity of the agrosphere. The article considers protective afforestation as an important element of the state strategy for preserving the environment, solving environmental and food security problems in Russia. On the reclaimed lands, the hydrothermal regime is optimized, the surface runoff is reduced, the soil formation processes are accelerated, and the fertility of soils is increased. It is determined that the average yield of sheltered cereals is higher than in unsheltered fields. For all history of USSR the protective afforestation of agricultural lands developed into 5.6 million ha of protective forestations, to date, thier total area in Russia has decreased to 2.5 million ha. The main trends for the development of protective afforestation in Russia are the following: improvement of the regulatory and legal basis and the system of state stimulation of protective afforestation, working out of a state mechanism for managing protective afforestation in the planning, design, organization, financing, quality and efficiency control, material and personnel provision of protective afforestation, as well as the development of state and regional programs for protective afforestation in the country in the short and long term.