OPTIMIZATION OF NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR IN VITRO POTATO BREEDING

Abstract

Providing the country with domestic potato seeds is a strategic task. One of the promising methods for obtaining and propagating high-quality virus-free potato seed stock is clonal micropropagation. Numerous studies have determined the key role of the chemical composition of the nutrient medium for obtaining microtubers, a necessary condition for the creation of which is maintaining the balance of macronutrients. Of great importance in intensifying the process of plant reproduction in vitro is the selection of the optimal composition of nutrient media, including hormonal substances and growth regulators. Studies conducted in the global community show a high responsiveness of potato microplants to the simultaneous introduction of two hormones or growth regulators into the medium, for example, indoleacetic and gibberellic acids, 6-benzylamimopurine and kinetin. To increase the reproduction rate, stimulants are used; the positive effect of such preparations as Poteytina, Reggie, Agromix, etc. has been established. The role of vitamins in the growth and development of potato micro plants has been shown: vitamin B1 enhances root growth, vitamin C controls the flow of water into cells, nicotinic acid determines oxidation-reduction processes inside cells. One of the effective methods for improving the technology of clonal micropropagation is the inoculation of micro plants with cultures of rhizospheric bacteria, bacteria of the genus Azospirillum, Streptomyces, etc. An important stage in obtaining high-quality virus-free material is its sterilization before introducing it into in vitro culture; chemicals are most often used for this. Separate work is carried out in the field of inhibition of plant growth using chemicals of various natures and hormones to preserve a collection of micro plants for a long period.