INFLUENCE OF ROOT AND NON-ROOT NUTRITION OF APPLE TREE ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY INDICATORS OF FRUIT

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the study of new methods of apple growing technology in the conditions of the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria, an assessment of the influence of these agrotechnical techniques on the quality of fruits and fruiting is given. In Experiment No. 1, the issue of root nutrition of an apple tree is considered. For comparison, different types and methods of applying fertilizers to the trunk strip were taken among themselves. Fertilizers monokalium phosphate, calcium nitrate, and Kalimag were selected for the experiment. The use of calcium nitrate contributed to the accumulation of calcium in fruits. And monokalium phosphate contributed to the better laying of generative kidneys. Kalimag was chosen as a nitrogen-free fertilizer and was applied to accumulate potassium and magnesium in the plant, which contributed to the set of fruit caliber. In experiment No. 2, the effect of leaf treatments on apple yields was compared, as well as the difference between liquid leaf top dressing and dry. Preparations were taken for the experiments: Polydon N+, Polydon Magnesium 70, carbamide, magnesium sulfate. Trees without leaf dressing were used as a control. Carbamide and Polydon N+ were introduced into the "bud separation" phase, to fertilize trees with nitrogen immediately before flowering in order to stimulate ovary formation. Magnesium sulfate and Polydon magnesium 70 are sources of magnesium, which stimulates the process of photosynthesis, and they were treated in the "outgoing flowering" phase. During this period, after flowering, the plant, having experienced stress, must mobilize all available resources in order for the formed ovary to be supplied with nutrients, and magnesium will improve photosynthesis, thereby increasing the influx of assimilants to the ovary. As a result of the experiment, data were obtained that allow us to conclude that root and foliar fertilization of apple trees improve the yield and quality indicators of fruits.