INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS ON THE SPRING WHEAT CROP STRUCTURAL BASIS FORMATION

Abstract

Studies were conducted in 2011-2023. In field experiments at the Gubino of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (Tver region). The purpose of the research is to establish the impact of weather conditions and individual technological techniques on the productivity and structure of the harvest of spring wheat in the conditions of a Non-Black Earth Zone. The main studies were conducted on a drained and waterproof (not drained) areas in experience with three technologies (extensive – without fertilizers, medium-intensity – normal and intense). In additional experiments, the effectiveness of the gaping of the soil, crested plowing and crested sowing of spring wheat was studied. The soil under the experiments is sod-podzolic, light-drying gleyed, cultivated. Studies have established that on temporarily overlapped lands the main directions of intensification of agriculture are their drainage and use of fertilizers. With the joint action of these factors, the yield of spring wheat increases by more than 2 times. The shared participation of mineral fertilizers in the total growth of the crop of spring wheat was 77.9-84.9 %, drainage – 15.1-22.1 %. The structural model of biological productivity of spring wheat with a crop level of more than 5.0 tons of grain per 1 ha is a sowing with a density of stem 500 or more ears per 1 m² with a grain mass in a ear of more than 1.0 g. Under the influence of adverse weather conditions, the number of stems with the spike was reduced by 25.9 %, the number of grains in the spike – 17.9 %, the mass of 1000 grains – 30.4 %. The use of fertilizers has a more significant impact on the increase in the number of grains in the spike, agromeliorative techniques for soil processing and sowing – on an increase in the density of productive stem. The inclusion of agromeliorative technologies and processing techniques aimed at improving the agrophysical state of the soil to the technological registers of the cultivation of spring wheat should be considered as an important element of their adaptation to the agroecological conditions of drained lands.