THE ROLE OF MINERAL NUTRITION AND VARIETY IN INCREASING GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING OATS

Abstract

This article identifies varieties with a stable immunity to the development and spread of septoria and brown leaf rust. The introduction of mineral nutrition into the soil before cultivation increases the immunity of plants to diseases. Against the background of mineral nutrition at a dose of N60P60K60, the spread of septoria, regardless of the variety, decreased by 46%, and the development of the disease decreased by 43%. The spread and development of brown leaf rust decreases by 40 and 27%, respectively. A further increase in nitrogen nutrition to 90 kg per day, with the combined addition of Р60K60, reduces the spread and development of diseases of both septoria and brown leaf rust. Over the years of research, the Kirovsky 2 spring oat variety has been least susceptible to septoria and brown leaf rust. The results of research on grain productivity indicate that in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El, even against an unfavorable background, cultivated varieties of spring oats provide grain yields from 2.43 to 3.10 t/ha. Spring oat varieties reacted differently to the introduction of mineral nutrition. Significant grain yield increases were obtained when fertilizers were applied at a dose of N60P60K60 and N90P60K60. The increase, regardless of the variety, was 16.7% (3.20 t/ha) and 27.4% (3.49 t/ha), respectively. Among the studied varieties of spring oats, the maximum grain productivity was obtained by cultivating Kirovsky 2 on all mineral nutrition options. The study proved that the introduction of mineral nutrition in a dose of N60P60K60 increases the protein content in oat grains by 5.3%, an increase in nitrogen nutrition to 90 kg. in the case of a joint contribution of R60K60 – by 10.5%. The Falenets variety was distinguished by the highest protein content in all mineral nutrition options.