THE INFLUENCE OF THE TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND BIORESOURCES ON THE SOD-PODZOLIC LOAMY SOIL AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Abstract

Influence of systems of fall tillage of sod-podzolic medium loamy soil (dump, combined and non-moldboard) with different degree of soil saturation with bio-resources (manure, green manure, straw) on agrochemical parameters of the arable layer was studied in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic in 2006-2012. With the complete exclusion of plowing in the crop rotation, undesirable changes in the agrochemical indices of fertility in the arable layer of the soil were detected. As a result of the superficial location of the straw, with non-moldboard and combined treatment, not only the phenomenon of nitrogen immobilization was detected, but also a significant decrease in the content of mobile phosphorus, as well as an increase in hydrolytic acidity. The acidity index in the variant with the combined tillage system was at the level of the dumping system. Complex and consistent application of bioresources during a crop rotation (manure, biomass of mustard to fallow, straw of winter rye from two fields) irrespective of the tillage system improved agrochemical parameters: hydrolytic acidity decreased by 0.32 and 0.58 mmol / 100 g of soil, pH_KCL increased by 0.12 and 0.30 units, the content of exchangeable potassium increased by 1.2 times, nitrate nitrogen under clover - 3.8 times in comparison with the control, where bioresources were not usedExclusion from the complex of bioresources of manure reduced the content of exchangeable potassium from 122 to 105 mg / kg, the degree of mobility of phosphorus decreased from 0.51 to 0.38 mg / 100 g, hydrolytic acidity increased from 1.95 to 2.60 mmol / 100 g, pH_KCL decreased from 6.02 to 5.69 units, the degree of base saturation - from 88.4 to 84.6%.The use of only manure as bioresources did not significantly change the agrochemical parameters of the arable layer.The assumption of varying degrees of activity and directionality of the transformation of bioresources at dump and non-moldboard tillage is expressed according to the carbon content of the common humic substance and its labile constituent.