THE INFLUENCE OF BIOPOLYMER MODIFICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE WINTER WHEAT GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY AND THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF SOIL FERTILITY

Abstract

The influence of mineral fertilizers modified with a biopolymer (corn starch) on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain, as well as the agrochemical composition of the soil, has been studied. The existing developments of enriching existing traditional mineral fertilizers with organic substances are relevant and clearly indicate an effective increase in the efficiency of fertilizers in improving the growth and development of winter wheat, as well as improving agroecological soil parameters. The research was conducted in 2022 at the experimental field of the FGBNU "Chechen Research Institute".The aim is to determine the effect of fertilizing wheat with mineral fertilizer enriched with biopolymer substance (corn starch) on the productivity and quality of winter wheat grain, preservation and reproduction of soil fertility elements. As a result of the research, it was revealed: the fertilization of winter wheat in early spring with azofoska (N16P16K16), provided significant changes in the structure of plants and in the chemical composition of the soil. The maximum grain yield of 5.6 t/ha (22% more than the control) was obtained in the variant where the fixation of the biopolymer in the fertilizer was carried out with citric acid. In the same variant, a relatively high protein content of 14.8% and an increased gluten content of 28.3% were revealed. The use of azofoska enriched with biopolymer provided a significant increase in the soil of nutrients (ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in the first and second stages. By the earing period, nitrogen reserves in the soil increased to the level of 39.4 and 50.9 mg/kg, exceeding the reference control by 35-74%, respectively.