PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SPRING TRITICALE CULTIVATED VARIETIES IN MARI EL REPUBLIC CONDITIONS

Abstract

To increase the productivity of grain crops, farmers of the North-East use adapted resource-saving technologies, in which the level of mineral fertilizer is determined by the dose of the nutrient established empirically. In our experiments, we studied the effect of mineral fertilizer application rates on the productivity of spring triticale varieties. The purpose of the research is to identify the most productive and economically justified options for the application of mineral fertilizers when cultivating varieties of spring triticale on soddy-podzolic soils of the Euro-North-Eastern region of Russia. An assessment of grain productivity and economic efficiency of cultivation of seven varieties is given: Dobroe, KNIISKH 9, KNIISKH 11, KNIISKH 22, Savva, Timur, Rovnya. The research results indicate that in the conditions of the republic, even against an unfertilized background, cultivars of spring triticale provide a grain yield of 2.4 to 3.0 t/ha. The main application of mineral fertilizers N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀, P₆₀K₆₀ and the application of nitrogen fertilizers to tillering at a dose of N₃₀ increase the cost of 1 kg grain by 5-8%, which reduces the profitability of production in the cultivation of varieties. Cultivation of varieties KNIISKH 11, Rovnya, KNIISKH 22, Timur was economically profitable, but less profitable than varieties KNIISKH 9, Savva and Dobroe.  The cost of production of a kilogram of grain was 6.7; 7.0; 7.5; 7.8; 5.8; 6.3 and 7.0 rubles respectively for the listed varieties. On fertilized variants, the cost of production decreased to a minimum of 5.5 rubles for the cultivar Dobroe at the main application of N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ and up to 5.9 rubles at the main application of N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ with a nitrogen top dressing N₃₀ at the time of tillering. The maximum increase in the cost of production was shown by the variety KNIISKH 22 to 7.3 rubles against the background of the main application of N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ with nitrogen fertilizer N₃₀ at the time of tillering.