ECOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT FROM VIR COLLECTION IN TRANSURALS

Abstract

Trans-Urals is one of the main regions of the country in the production of food grain of soft spring wheat. An intensive farming system is actively conducted in the region, but the climatic conditions here are quite contrasting by year, which affects the variation of gross grain harvests. A well-developed farming system, with the active use of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products, can increase the production of high-yielding, plastic varieties adapted in the zone. Realized varieties of Tymen’ breeding: Icarus, AVIADa, Riks, Tyumenskaya 25, Tyumenskaya 29, Grenada, having a high yield potential - 6-7 t / ha, resistant to lodging, drooping of the ear, hardy to pre-harvest germination of grain in the ear. In connection with the general sanitary warming of the climate new varieties need to increase drought resistance, adaptability, combined with plasticity and endurance to a-biotic environmental factors. While preserving the intensity and high productivity achieved by breeding work in the created varieties. These complex tasks can be solved only by breeding, the basis of which is the World Collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetics Resources (VIR). 362 cultivars of spring bread wheat from the VIR collection were studied. 30 varieties with the best agronomical characteristics were studied from 2011 to 2016. in contrasting weather conditions.  Cultivars: Duet Chernozemya, Chelyaba Stepnaya, PS 87, Sibirskaya 14, Tarskaya 10, AC Gabriel, Aletch, Struna Mironovskaya, Altaiskaya 110 and Torchinska, are the most adapted to local agro-climatic conditions, they are recommended for use in breeding programs to create climate-resistant varieties.