STUDY OF THE STRENGTH OF SOYBEAN GRAINS OF VARIOUS VARIETIES

Abstract

In increase in production of soy the important part is assigned to decrease in losses of seeds from crushing, especially when harvesting. The variety of mechanical impacts from the molotilny and transporting devices on grain of soy is reduced to action of dynamic percussions and the jamming loadings. In selection process during creation of new grades of soy the heritability of signs of parental forms is widely used therefore it is very important to know strength characteristics of grain of soy on grades, their static and dynamic durability and to use these qualities during creation of new grades. The purpose of researches is to reveal the steadiest and less damaged soy grain grades at static loads for use of heritability of signs in selection process, to define the module of elasticity of grain of soy and critical crushing loads for decrease in damages during the cleaning and a side job. Researches of static and dynamic durability of grain of soy more than 20 grades of various environmental-geographical origin are given in article. Indicators of the linear sizes of soy of all studied grades on length, width and thickness, size of coefficient of sphericity, mass of 1000 seeds, dynamic and static crushing load are revealed. The coefficient of proportionality established connection between the normal tension and deformation which is the module of elasticity of soy and characterizes the resilience of grain of soy of elastic deformation at compression. Seeds of soy of grades of Honshu, Vegetable, the Crane, No. 3-2014 J-35, Mikavasima appeared the most resistant to static loads. At some assumption, grain of soy of all grades has the sphere form, the coefficient of sphericity changes from 0.931 to 0.755. The module of elasticity and strength of grain of soy on grades at humidity of 6.5% changes from 290.71 to 132.02 kg/cm2 which with increase in humidity decreases by 1.5-2.0 times.