LONG TERM FERTILIZERS APPLICATION INFLUENCE ON ECONOMIC PARAMETERS OF CULTIVATED CROPS IN CROP ROTATIONS IN MARI EL REPUBLIC

Abstract

In conditions of unstable agricultural production, ecological imbalance of the environment, crop rotations should be based on principles that combine the profitability of production, the ecological purity of the products obtained, with the preservation and increase of soil fertility. The introduction of intensive technology for the cultivation of agricultural crops, in which mineral fertilizers are important, is a reliable way to increase their productivity. In long-term experiments, we studied the effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of six-field field crop rotations with different saturation of them with grain crops. The purpose of the work is to determine the economic efficiency of field crop rotations depending on the level of mineral nutrition on soddy-podzolic medium loamy soil in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El. As a result of the research, it was found that on soddy-podzolic soils, all the studied crop rotations ensured high productivity. When crop rotations were saturated with grain crops, the yield of fodder units per rotation was 13.66-18.01 thousand k.u./ha, with saturation with legumes р – 21.05-28.76 thousand k.u./ha per rotation. The replacement of grain crops with potatoes and annual grasses in the first crop rotation led to a decrease in productivity by 14.3-21.7%, depending on the use of fertilizers. The use of manure for potatoes in the second crop rotation and two fields of clover in the III crop rotation, on the contrary, increased the productivity of the crop rotation by 20.1-23.6% and 54.1-59.7%, respectively. The highest profitability was noted in crop rotations with the introduction of manure for potatoes in the II crop rotation and in the cultivation of clover in two fields in the III crop rotation. In crop rotations with saturation of 83.4% with grain crops, and the cultivation of potatoes and annual grasses, profitability decreases. The highest net income per rotation (21.86-34.47 thousand rubles/ha) was obtained in the third crop rotation, where clover was cultivated in two fields.