WEATHER CONDITIONS AND SEEDING DENSITY INFLUENCE ON SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CENTRAL NONBLACK SOIL ZONE

Abstract

In order to introduce into production the northern ecotype soybean varieties created at the Ryazan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences (now ISA – a branch of the FSBI FNAC VIM), it is necessary to develop a cultivation technology that will significantly realize the potential of the variety. The duration of the growing season, the time and method of sowing, the seeding rate are the main factors affecting the yield of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In experiments conducted in the Department of breeding and primary seed production in 2018-2021, the influence of weather conditions and seeding rates on the productivity and quality of soybean seeds in the Ryazan region was studied. The object of research is an early-ripening variety of George soybean, registered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements and approved for use in 2017. The experiments were carried out on dark gray forest soil of average fertility. The duration of the growing season varied from 94 days (2018) to 105 days (2020) and did not depend on the seeding rate. When determining the relationship between the elements of the crop structure, a strong positive relationship was established between the height of the plant and the height of the attachment of the lower bean (r=0.771), an average positive relationship with the number of productive nodes on the plant (r=0.640) and the number of beans (r=0.653). It was revealed that the optimal seeding rate for George soybeans in the conditions of the Ryazan region is 550 thousand germinating seeds per hectare with a row spacing width of 45 cm. The variation of the yield by 24% is caused by fluctuations in the GTC of May-August (R² = 0.24). The protein content in the seeds did not depend on the seeding rate and was 38.6+1.42 % in the George variety, the fat content was 19.6+0.83 %.