ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS OF CHERRY BREEDING IN VNIISPK

Abstract

Sour cherry, as a valuable fruit crop, needs to quickly restore its areas. At the moment, there is a tendency towards an increase in sour cherry plantations, but they have not yet reached the industrial value of this crop, which was before the outbreak of a dangerous disease – moniliosis. This disease caused significant damage to sour cherry plantations, which led to a large reduction in area. The article presents the economic and biological characteristics of new sour cherry varieties Vereya, Kupina, Grechanka, obtained from targeted crosses. These varieties have not yet received proper distribution in the CCR. Vereya sour cherry variety is distinguished by large beautiful fruits, high palatability, productivity, combines resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis. The Kupina variety is characterized by high winter hardiness of the tree and generative buds, is resistant to the main fungal diseases – coccomycosis and moniliosis, and has fruits of high taste. Variety Grechanka is characterized by sufficient winter hardiness of the tree and generative buds, resistant to coccomycosis and moniliosis, incl. and to monilial rot, has fruits of high palatability. New varieties were obtained using variety samples from the bioresource collection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding. Based on the results of a comparative study of these varieties according to a set of economic and biological indicators, it was established that the new varieties are high-yielding, resistant to a complex of fungal diseases (coccomycosis and moniliosis), resistant to adverse weather conditions of the autumn-winter period. According to most indicators, these varieties turned out to be of higher quality than the control variety of sour cherry Proshchalnaya.