INFLUENCE OF STRESS FACTORS ON THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PEACH FRUITS IN THE HUMID RUSIAN’S SUBROPICS

Abstract

The results of long-term investigations of the chemical composition of Persica vulgaris (Mill.) various varieties fruits, grown in the subtropical zone of the Krasnodar Territory the Black Sea coast, are presented. The aim of the work is to evaluate the various varieties peach fruits the by biochemical composition and to identify the most promising genotypes for further selection to improve quality indicators and obtain high vitamin products. Biochemical analyzes of peach were carried out (2019-2021) in the plant physiology and biochemistry laboratory of the FRC SNC RAS using classical approaches. The test object is the fruits of Redhaven (control), Ukrainian, Anton Chekhov, Flame, Maria Serena, Autumn blush, Abundant, Orion peach varieties, which differ in varying degrees of resistance to adverse environmental conditions. A low sugar content was noted in Obilniy, Flame, Maria Serena varieties, which is significantly lower by 1.4 - 1.7 times compared to the control, high content of vitamin C in Anton Chekhov, Ukrainian (up to 16.00 mg%), low - Abundant, Autumn blush, which is lower by 5.40 - 7.07 mg% compared to the control. High acidity of fruits was noted in varieties Maria Serena, Orion, Autumn blush, Obilniy (up to 1.37%). The best taste qualities were distinguished by the fruits of the varieties Anton Chekhov, Ukrainian, Redhaven, which had a high sugar-acid coefficient 8.29 - 12.00 units. The data obtained indicate the expediency of peach fruits further analysis to identify the best varieties with increased biochemical indicators of product quality and resistant to adverse weather conditions in the humid subtropics of Russia.